لزوم تکریم علما و طلبه ها
لزوم تکریم علما و طلبه ها
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مقدمه
در مکتب تابناک اسلام علما و دانشمندان از مقامی بس عظیم برخوردار و با اوصافی متعالی ستوده شدهاند
که بعد از پیامبران و امامان (علیهمالسّلام) کسی را یاری برابری در شان و مرتبه با آنان نیست،
که البته مراد دانشمندانی هستند که وجودشان سرشار از عشق به پروردگار،
خدمت به بشریت و هدایت مردم است و عمل به علم را سرلوحه کار خود قراردادهاند.
امام صادق (علیهالسّلام) در مورد مقام عالمان دین فرمودند:
«ملائکه بالهای خود را برای طالب علم میگسترانند و موجودات زمین و آسمان،
حتیّ ماهیان دریا برای او استغفار میکنند، فضیلت عالم بر عابد همانند ماه شب چهارده بر بقیه ستارگان است
و «انّما العلماء ورثه الانبیاء؛ و به تحقیق دانشمندان وارثان انبیاء الهی هستند»( اصول کافی، ج۱، ص۳۴)
لزوم تکریم عالم
حال با توجّه به عظمت مقام عالمان ربّانی، لزوم تکریم ایشان امری بدیهی و اجتناب ناپذیر است
و تکریم ایشان تکریم حضرت حق (جل و علی)، انبیاء الهی و ائمه است.
روایات تکریم عالم
امیرمومنان (علیهالسّلام) فرمودند: «مَن وقَّرَ عالمِاً وَقَّرَ رَبَّه» (تصنیف غررالحکم و درر الکلم، ص۴۷، حدیث۲۱۸)
«کسی که عالمی را گرامی بدارد و تعظیم نماید، پروردگارش را گرامی و بزرگ داشته است.
از همین رو در روایات اهل بیت (علیهمالسّلام)
بر احترام بر عالمان دین و احتراز از تحقیر و توهین به ایشان تاکید فراوان شده است.
امام صادق (علیهالسّلام) میفرمایند: «تواضَعُوا لِمَن طلبتم منه العلم»
نسبت به کسی که از او علم میآموزید فروتن باشید.» ( اصول کافی، ج۱، ص۳۶).
…
و در حدیثی دیگر امیرالمومنین علی (علیهالسّلام) میفرمایند: «اذا رایتَ عالماً فکُن لَهُ خادماً»
زمانی که به عالمی برخوردی خدمتگذار او باش»؛( غررالحکم و درر الکلم، ص۴۷، حدیث۲۱۷)
و در بیان دیگری امیرمؤمنان (علیهالسّلام) فرمودند: «از تحقیر و کوچک کردن علماء بپرهیزید
که این عمل موجب خوار شدن انسان و کوچک شدن
در چشم دیگران و گمان بد بردن نسبت به شخص خواهد شد.»
(همان)
سیره عملی بزرگان نیز بر احترام و تکریم علماء و دانشمندان بوده که بر آن اصرار فراوان داشته
و پیوسته به طلّاب نیز سفارش مینمودند چرا که از اسباب مهمّ توفیق، تکریم بزرگان و به خصوص اساتید است.
تکریم عالم در کلام بزرگان
با نگریستن به کلام علما میتوان به ارزش و مقام علم و عالم پی برد.
علامه شعرانی
علامه میرزا ابوالحسن شعرانی (رحمهاللهعلیه) در شرح کتاب تبصره المتعلمین مینویسد:
«… و آخرین نصیحت آن که علم بیتقوی و ورع را به چیزی نشمرند و سخن علمای دین را پست نگیرند
و تعظیم آنان را چه مرده و چه زنده موجب مزید توفیق دانند.» (سیمای فرزانگان، ص۲۶۳)
شهید دستغیب
آیتالله شهید دستغیب (رحمهاللهعلیه) در کتاب گناهان کبیره اینگونه آورده است:
برای کفران نعمتِ وجودِ علماء عقوبتهای شدیدی وعده داده شده است،
از آن جمله پیغمبر اکرم (صلیاللهعلیهوآلهوسلّم) میفرماید: زمانی بیاید که مردم از علماء فرار میکنند
مانند فرار کردن گوسفندان از گرگ، در نتیجه خداوند آنها را به سه بلا مبتلا میفرماید؛
برکت را از دارائیشان بر میدارد، سلطان ظالمی را برای آنها مسلّط میفرماید و بی ایمان از دنیا میروند.
ناگفته نماند که طلاب علوم دینی چون در طریق رسیدن به مقام شامخ نیابتند،
وجودشان نیز نعمت و گرامی داشتنشان بر همه لازم و کفران وجود ایشان به هتک و بیاحترامی حرام میباشد.
(گناهان کبیره، ج۲، ص۳۳۵ و ۳۳۶)
تکریم عالم در سیره بزرگان
از جمله اموری که قابل استناد و تمسک برای عمل است رفتار و عمل بزرگان میباشد.
۱)امام خمینی (رحمهاللهعلیه)
آیتالله مظاهری در مورد این خصلت امام میفرمایند:
خصلت احترام به علمای اسلام همیشه در امام جلوهای خاص داشت،
نه فقط به مثل شیخ طوسیها، صاحب جواهرها، شیخ انصاریها… احترام خاص مینهادند
و با تجلیل از آنان یاد میکردند بلکه درباره مثل مؤسس حوزه علمیه قم شیخنا العلّام و
درباره مثل آیتالله العظمی بروجردی بارها میفرمودند: «در سر حّد کرامت است یک پیرمرد
به این خوبی حوزه علمیه را بلکه عالم تشیّع را اداره میکند.
( سرگذشتهای ویژه از زندگی امام خمینی (رحمه الله)، ج۵، ص۱۶۵)
…
حضرت امام (رحمهاللهعلیه) نسبت به اهانت به علماء و غیبت بزرگان معاصرین خودشان شدیداً موضع میگرفتند.
به طوری که حرام کرده بودند کسی در بیت ایشان بیاید و پشت سر علماء چیزی بگوید.
و وقتی شنیده بودند برخی حرف ملاصدرا را نفهمیده به ایشان جسارت کردهاند،
شدیداً در سر درس موضع گرفته میفرمایند: و ما ادراک ما ملاصدرا؟ مسائلی که بوعلی از حلّ آنها عاجز مانده،
ملاصدرا حل کرده، چرا ما مواظب زبانمان نیستیم؟!(سیمای فرزانگان، ص۲۵۲)
شیخ اعظم
در کتاب لمعات درباره شیخ مرتضی انصاری (رحمهاللهعلیه) آمده است:
«ایشان نسبت به علماء بسیار تعظیم و توقیر مینمود و بعد از ذکر اسامی آنها از آنها تجلیل میکرد.
وقتی صاحب جواهر (رحمهاللهعلیه) از دنیا رفت و پسرش شیخ عبدالحسین جواهری در درس شیخ انصاری حاضر میشد،
ایشان به خاطر بزرگداشت صاحب جواهر به وی احترام میگذاشت و حتی اگر در بین درس میآمد،
از بالای منبر از وی تجلیل نموده و بلند میشد.»( سیمای فرزانگان، ص۲۶۱)
آیتالله حائری یزدی
فرزند آیتالله العظمی حائری یزدی (رحمهاللهعلیه) از پدرش نقل کرده که فرمود:
«توفیقاتی که در زندگی نصیب من شد و در پرتو آنها توانستم حوزه را تشکیل بدهم،
همه مرهون خدماتی است که به استادم، مرحوم سیدمحمد فشارکی (رحمهاللهعلیه) کردهام.
زمانی ایشان به شدّت بیمار شدند و کار بدان جا کشید که من مدّت شش ماه، برای قضای حاجت ایشان،
طشت مهیّا و بدین عمل افتخار میکردم.»(همان-ص۲۶۹)
نکته:همسران و فرزندان مکرم طلاب باید به خود ببالند که همسر و پدر انها در زمره صنفی قرار گرفته است
که در مرتبه اول خدا و پیامبر و ائمه معصومین(علیهم السلام)دستور به رعایت احترام ان داده
و در مرتبه بعد بزرگان و علمای ربانی نیز بدان امر،تاکید دارند.
مشاهده مطالب بیشتر در موضوع طلاب
مشاهده بیشتر مطالب در سایت صبح قریب
دیدگاه ها
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