فضیلت علما از زبان علامه طهرانی
فضیلت علما از زبان علامه طهرانی
فضیلت علما از زبان علامه طهرانی را در تحقیق زیر بخوانید:
مقدمه
کسی که عالم است حکم راهنمایی دارد که چراغ در دستش است و در پیشِ پای مردم قرار میدهد
تا اینکه راه را پیدا کنند و بروند پیش خدا؛ نه اینکه با این چراغ موجب بشود که راه بر مردم گم و تاریک شود.
مرحوم علامه آیه الله حاج سیّد محمّد حسین حسینی طهرانی رضوان الله علیه در سال ۱۴۱۴ هجری قمری
در مشهد مقدس بیاناتی در باب علم و علماء داشته اند که به مناسبت شهادت امام جعقر صادق علیه السلام
قسمتی از آن نقل می شود. (گفتنی است این بیانات در کتاب «سالک آگاه» تبویب شده است
وظیفۀ عالم دینی در آیات قرآن
»ما کانَ لبشرٍ انْ یؤتیهُ الله الکتابَ و الحُکمَ و النّبوهَ ثمّ یقولَ للناسِ کونُوا عباداً لی مِن دونِ الله
ولکنّ کونُوا ربانیّین بما کنتُم تُعلّمونَ الکتابَ و بما کنتم تَدرسُون.» (سوره آلعمران /۷۹)
«هیچ فردی از افراد بشر چنین توانایی و قدرتی ندارد و درخور گنجایش و سعۀ او نیست
که خدا به او کتاب و حکم و نبوّت را بدهد، آنوقت او به مردم بگوید: شما بیایید بندگان من باشید،
در برابر پروردگار! و لکن شما (علمائی که پاسدار کتاب هستید) ربّانیّون باشید
(یعنی نسبتتان با ربّ باشد، علمای ربّانی باشید نه علمای جسمانی، نه علمای شهوی؛
یا اینکه از مادّۀ تربیت باشد، ربّانیّین یعنی اهل تربیت باشید و مردم را تربیت کنید و به محلّ أعلی سوق بدهید)
به واسطۀ اینکه شما کتاب را تدریس میکنید، قرآن را تدریس میکنید؛
و به واسطۀ آنکه شما سر و کارتان و بحث و دراساتتان با قرآن و با مسائل عقلی و مسائل الهی است».
…
کسی که عالم است حکم راهنمایی دارد که چراغ در دستش است و در پیشِ پای مردم قرار میدهد
تا اینکه راه را پیدا کنند و بروند پیش خدا؛ نه اینکه با این چراغ موجب بشود که راه بر مردم گم و تاریک شود
و آنوقت مردم به واسطۀ اینکه به دنبال فرامین و اطاعات شخصی او مِن حَیثُ هو هو میروند،
در چاه عمیق ظلمت سقوط کنند.
روایات در باب فضیلیت علم و علما
روایت شفیعان روز قیامت
۱).در کتاب قُربُ الإسناد ـ که از کتابهای بسیار خوب و معتبر است ـ روایت میکند:
«هارون عن ابن صَدَقه، عَن الصّادِق، عَن أبیه، عَن آبائِه علَیهمُ السّلام، أنَّ رسولَ اللَه قال:
”ثَلاثهٌ یَشفَعونَ إلی اللَه یومَ القیامَهِ فَیُشَفِّعُهم: الأنبیاءُ، ثُمَّ العُلَماء، ثُمَّ الشُّهداء.“» (قرب الإسناد، ص ۶۴)
«رسول خدا میفرماید که: ”سه دسته هستند که در روز رستاخیز در پیشگاه پروردگار از مردم شفاعت میکنند
و خداوند شفاعت آنها را میپذیرد و قبول میکند: اوّل پیامبراناند، دوّم علما، و از آن گذشته شهدا “»
پس درجۀ علما اینجا از انبیا پایینتر و از شهدا بالاتر است؛
زیرا که اوّل انبیا شفاعت میکنند و سپس علما و سپس شهدا.
روایت «وُزِّنَ مِدادُ العُلَماءِ بدِماء الشّهداء»
۲). در أمالی شیخ طوسی ـ رحمه الله علیه ـ با اسناد خود از نجاشِی از حضرت صادق،
عن آبائِهِ، عَن عَلیٍّ (علیهمُ السّلام) قال: «قال رسولُ اللَه صَلَّی اللَه علیه و آلِه:
”إذا کان یَومُ القیامهِ وُزِّنَ مِدادُ العُلَماءِ بدِماء الشّهداء، فَیُرَجَّحُ مِدادُ العُلَماءِ علی دِماءِ الشُّهداءِ.“»
(الأمالی، شیخ طوسی، ص ۵۲۱)
حضرت رسول (ص) میفرماید: «زمانی که روز قیامت میشود، وزن و مقدار مداد علما
(مداد، آن مرکّب و نوک قلم را میگویند؛ وقتی انسان با قلم مینویسد
یک اثری از سر قلم او روی کاغذ میماند که اسم او مداد است. مداد علما یعنی سر قلمی که علما داشتند
و بر روی کاغذها آوردند) با خونهای شهیدان سنجش و اندازه گیری میشود که کدامیک از اینها سنگین ترند؟
آنوقت سر قلم اینها بر خون همۀ شهدا ترجیح پیدا میکند و سنگین تر است».
روایت «علمای امّت من مثل انبیای بنیاسرائیلاند»
در عوالی اللّئالی، ابن أبیجمهور أحسائی روایت میکند و میگوید:
«قالَ رسولُ اللَه (صَلَّی اللَه علَیهِ و آلِه): ”عُلَماءُ أُمَّتی کَأنبیاءِ بَنیإسرائیل؛ علمای امّت من مثل انبیای بنی اسرائیل اند.“»
(عوالی اللئالی، ج ۴، ص ۷۷)
روایت «کراهت تعظیم نمودن غیر علما»
۴).در کتاب محاسن برقی، احمد بن محمّد بن برقی روایت میکند
از پدرش از سعدان از عبدالرّحیم بن مسلم از اسحاق بن عمّار:
«قالَ: ”قُلتُ لِأبیعبدِاللَه علَیهِ السّلام: مَن قامَ مِن مَجلِسه تَعظیمًا لرَجُلٍ؟
قال: مَکروهٌ إلّا لِرجُلٍ فی الدّین.“» (المحاسن، ج ۱، ص ۲۳۳)
«اسحاق بن عمّار از حضرت صادق (علیه السّلام) سؤال میکند:
کسی که برای تعظیم و تکریم مردی از جای خود برخیزد چطور است؟
حضرت میفرماید: ”مکروه است، ما دوست نداریم، خوشایند نیست؛
مگر برای مردی در امر دین، که عیب ندارد انسان از جای خود برخیزد»
نتیجه:
با توجه به مطالبی(ایات و روایات)که در مورد فضیلت علم و جایگاه علما بیان شد توجه به این نکته حائز اهمیت است
که علمای ربانی دینی نزد خداوند از جایگاه بسیار رفیعی برخورداند
تاجاییکه اینها در روز قیامت از زمره شفیعان قرار میگیرند علاوه بر اینکه اثار هدایت گرایانه
انها(مانند کتاب و…)از خون شهید در راه خدا نیز افضل و باارزش تر است.
مشاهده مطالب بیشتر در موضوع طلاب
مشاهده بیشتر مطالب در سایت صبح قریب
دیدگاه ها
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